Thursday, July 23, 2015

Otis Redding-Aretha Franklin & US Black music in Brazil

By late 1967 and early 1968 one could clearly see the rise of the Anglo-American music scene on radio stations in Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Two radio stations changed their formats and adapted to playing exclusively Top 40 Billboard, Cash Box or Record World listings: Radio Excelsior and Emissoras Associadas's Radio Difusora.

The DJs hardly knew how to pronounce the titles of the songs but nobody cared much... and the record market was suddenly invaded by myriads of English names that flooded record shops around town & country. 

Here are some singles aka 'compactos-simples' released by Atco (Atlantic Records in Brazil) and pressed by Philips circa 1968. Otis Redding's 'The dock of the bay' was the biggest hit by far. But Aretha Franklin also had some good air-play. 


205.000 - Good lovin' / I ain't gonna eat out my heart anymore - The Young Rascals - 1966
205.001 - Groovin' / Bueno - The Young Rascals - 1967
205.002 - Chain of fools (Don Covey) / Prove it - Aretha Franklin
205.005 - (Sittin' on) The dock of the bay / Fa-fa-fa-fa-fa (Sad song) - Otis Redding - 1968

205.006 - Tighten up / Tighten up Part II - Archie Bells & The Drells
205.007 - Think / You send me - Aretha Franklin
205.008 - Funky Street (Rua maluca) / Put our love together - Arthur Conley
205.009 - Amen / Hard to handle - Otis Redding - 1968

205.012 - The house that Jack built / I say a little prayer - Aretha Franklin
205.014 - Ob-la-di ob-la-da (Lennon-McCartney) / Otis sleep on (Otis descansa) - Arthur Conley
205.017 - The weight (J.Robertson) / The tracks of my tears (Robinson-Moore-Tarplin) - A.Franklin
205.023 - Take a letter Maria / Big bad city - R.B. Greaves - 1969

205.027 - You're the one (Part I) produced by Sly Stone / Part II - Little Sister
205.033 - Spirit in the dark / Call me - Aretha Franklin - 1970

(205.000) Young Rascals' Good lovin' still in 1966.
The Young Rascals's Groovin' (ACS 205.001) played quite a bit at Sao Paulo radio stations.
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'Chain of fools' / 'Prove it' (ACS 205.002)
(ACS 205.006) 'Tighten up' with Archie Bell & The Drells.
ACS-205.007 'Think' (Pense) b/w 'You send me' (Você manda em mim) 
ACS-205.008
Redding's 'Amen' / 'Hard to handle' (ACS-205.009); Arthur Conley's 'Otis sleep on' (ACS-205.014)
Aretha Franklin's 'The weight' b/w 'Tracks of my tears' (ACS 205.017) - 1969.
Philips which was the label that released Atco (Atlantic) records in Brazil changed its name to Phonogram some time in 1971. Aretha Franklin's 'Oh me oh my' b/w 'Rock steady' (2091.168) & 'Bridge over troubled water' b/w 'Brand new me' (2164.016) both released in 1971 had different numbering systems.

E.P. with 'Respect'.

albums released by Atco-Philips in Brazil 

ALP 605.002 - Groovin' - The Young Rascals 
ALP 605.003 - Respect - Aretha Franklin 1968
ALP 605.004 - Once upon a dream - The Rascals  
ALP 605.005 - The dock of the bay (Sentado na beira do cais) - Otis Redding 1968
ALP 605.006 - Lady Soul - Aretha Franklin 
ALP 605.007 - Tighten up - Archie Bell & The Drells
ALP 605.009 - Wilson Pickett: The midnight mover
  
ALP 605.011 - The best of soul - Aretha, Rascals, Otis, Conley & Wilson Pickett
ALP 605.013 - Aretha now - Aretha Franklin 
ALP 605.014 - The immortal Otis Redding  1968
ALP 605.016 - Aretha Franklin: Soul '69  1969
ALP 605.018 - More sweet soul - Arthur Conley 

ALP 605.030 - This girl's in love with you - Aretha Franklin 1970  
ALP 605.043 - Tell the truth - Otis Redding
ALP 605.044 - Spirit in the dark - Aretha Franklin 1970 

These are the liner-notes in the Brazilian 'Respect' album Atco-605.003. It is badly translated and it has many mistakes I have already corrected.

Este disco contem a historia de uma cantora, um cantora negra que neste instante (1967) o mundo inteiro consagra. Tudo começou quando ela e seus irmãos cantavam no coro da Igreja Baptista de New Bethel em Detroit-EUA. Este é o caminho melhor para a moça, e Aretha Franklin até os 14 anos seguiu o roteiro dos cantores sacros, onde a sua voz era sempre notada graças as suas interpretações.

No mundo grande da arte americana, as oportunidades surgem alertada pelo talento dos que começam. Ela então seguiu seu destino de arte, começando a cantar blues, a gravar seus primeiros discos. Mas a grande oportunidade surgiu quando gravou uma canção que voou pelo mundo se transformando num autêntico sucesso.

Isso aconteceu no inverno de 1966-1967, quando Aretha Franklin, contratada pela Atlantic, gravou ‘I never loved a man the way I love you’. A gravação bateu records: 250.000 discos foram vendidos em 2 semanas apenas tendo chegado ao 9o. posto em 15 Abril 1967.

Vamos ouvir, pois, novamente, Aretha Franklin, que já ganhou 3 discos de ouro pela interpretação de ‘Respect’ - 1o. lugar na Billboard em 3 Junho 1967 - e decerto alcançará agora novos êxitos. 

(ALP-605.003) Aretha Franklin's first album in  Brazil:  'Respect'.
The Young Rascals's 'Groovin' (605.002) 
The Rascals's 'Once upon a dream' (605.004)
(605.005) 'Sentado na beira do cais'
Aretha's 2nd album in Brazil: 'Lady Soul' featured 'Chains of fool' her biggest hit here and CArole King's (You make me feel like a) 'Natural woman' that's maybe her best 'slow' song ever. 
(605.007) 
(605.009) 'Wilson Pickett: the midnight mover' featured 'Deborah' he recorded in Italian for 1968's San Remo Festival.
(605.011) 'The best of soul' with Aretha, Otis, The Rascals, Arthur Conley, Pickett etc.
(605.014) 'The immortal Otis Redding'
(605.013) Aretha now
(605.016) Soul '69.
Arthur Conley's 'More sweet soul' (605.018)
(605.030) 'This girl's in love with you'.
(605.043) Otis Redding's 'Tell the truth' 

(605.044)

US Black music in Brazil 

I don't know exactly when I realized there was a 'Black music'. US Black acts had been popular in Brazil since the 1920s, I guess. Nat King Cole was utterly 'king' in Brazil in the 1950s. Nathaniel Cole was the most popular foreign act ever to visit our shores - in a sucession of visits started by Louis Armstrong in 1957. 

Roy Hamilton, Billy Eckstein, the Ink Spots's 1960-formation, Frankie Lymon and other Black acts visited Brazil to indisputable acclaim. 

Chubby Checker had been the king of twist in 1962 having reached the top of the charts with 'Let's twist again' and 'Hava nagila' plus myriads of Parkway albums released through Fermata.   

As of 1963 there was an interregnum when Black music was overlooked due to the so-called invasion of Italian pop-culture that lasted around 3 years.

1 9 6 7 


Early in 1967 I went to see Steve Binder's 1964 film-production of 'The TAMI Show' - quaintly translated as 'No reino do ié ié ié' (In rock'n'roll kingdom) at Cine Maracha on Rua Augusta and was utterly flabbergasted by the amazing performance of James Brown, the hardest working man in show business. I also realized that Smokey Robinson & the Miracles' s 'You really got a hold on me' was not a Beatles tune as I had thought so far but better delievered by its original performers.

I had known about about The Supremes's ascendancy in the US charts and was introduced by a Japanese friend of mine to their Fermata single 'Baby love' b/w 'Come see about me' but had never seen their glamorous act before I saw the film. I guess I must have left Cine Maracha wondering if there was such a thing as Black music going on. 

Going to the movies was an activity I learned early in life. I was born in a small city that had 2 movie-houses that played different movies every day. Kids as old as seven would watch Sunday afternoon's double-featured attractions that lasted from 1:00 to 5:00 PM. When I was eleven I moved to the capital city (Sao Paulo) but kept the tradition of going to the pictures at least once a week.

'The TAMI Show' was first released in Rio de Janeiro (August 1966) having been shown in Sao Paulo only 6 monhts later.
Watching a good movie was like a mystical experience to me. I could get carried away  to the sands of the Middle East watching Peter O'Toole and Omar Shariff in 'Lawrence of Arabia' or Julie Andrews singing 'The sound of music' on top of an Austrian mountain. I would suffer the depths of misery watching William Wyler's 1939's 'Wuthering Heights'; cry my eyes out seeing Mahalia Jackson sing at the funeral in 'Imitation of life' or laugh my head off with Harold Lloyd, Charles Chaplin, Harry Langdon or any of those comedy capers from the 1920s.

You can imagine the impact I had when I watched James Brown & the Flames in 'The TAMI Show' on that Saturday afternoon at the dark of Cine Maracha. 

Black music aka Soul music was all the rage in the USA in 1967 but Brazil lived another sort of reality. The closest Brazilians got to Black music was through Johnny River's covers of Smokey Robinson's 'The tracks of my tears' and the Four Tops's 'Baby, I need your lovin'. The Mamas & the Papas covered Martha & the Vandellas's 'Dancing in the street' on their 1966 album and The Temptations's 'My girl' in their 1967 album 'Deliver'. 

Then, out of the blue, in September 1967, Brazilians found out they liked Four Tops's 'Reach out I'll be there' and it went up the charts having had a follow-up with 'Bernadette'.


The Four Tops at the Mount Royal Hotel in London, 1965. 

1 9 6 8 

Otis Redding died in a plane crash on 10 December 1967. By 16 March 1968, (Sittin' on) The dock of the bay' was #1 at the Billboard magazine charts and stayed up there for 4 week.

(Sittin' on) 'The dock of the bay' was the most successful Black-music single up to that time. Radios Excelsior & Difusora also played 'Tramp' with Otis and Carla Thomas. The album cointaining both singles also sold a lot.  

This is what the Hit Parade in Rio de Janeiro looked like on 18 May 1968. 

Watching 'The TAMI Show' in January 1967 opened my eyes to the so-called 'Black music'. A year later - February 1968 - I watched its sequel 'The big T.N.T. Show' translated as 'Ritmo explosivo' in which I was stunned by the powerful performance of Tina Turner plus Bo Diddley and the Ronettes.  

15 February 1968 - 'Ritmo explosivo' (The big T.N.T. Show) the sequel to 'The TAMI Show' (No reino do ié-ié-ié) both produced by Henry G. Sperstein was shot before a live audience at the Moulin Rouge Club in Los Angeles, on 29 November 1965, arrived in Brazil 2 years later - the same time it took the TAMI Show to be released here.


Here are three reviews written by Brazilian journalist Ezequiel Neves who had a weekly column at 'Jornal da Tarde' a Sao Paulo evening paper. It is interesting to read them just to have an idea how things worked circa 1970, 1971. Information then was much harder to come by than today. 

Ezequiel who had started his career as an actor was invited by the newspaper to write about jazz but by 1968 pop music had such an impact that he begged the directors to be given a chance to write about pop music instead. He was granted his wish and was widely read by eager young people (like myself) who thirsted for information coming from the USA and Europe. 

We don't really know Ezequiel's sources but it is quite easily infered that San Francisco's Rolling Stone magazine was his main fountainhead. 

As we Brazilians lived thousands of miles away from the main-stream - that is USA-Europe - and we had a language barrier on top of that - it is easy now to find errors in Ezequiel Neves's articles. He didn't have the Internet where he could check Wikipedia at the touch of a button like I do... 

When, for instante, reviewing CBS's release of Aretha Franklin's 'People' Ezequiel would have no means of checking what that album had been made of. But I do 45 years later... Well, anyway, read the reviews and have fun!

Australian EP had the same cover as the Brazilian LP 'People'.

Ezequiel Neves reviews Aretha Franklin's 'People' for 'Jornal da Tarde' - 31 March 1970 


'People' traz a Aretha Franklin de 6 anos atrás (1964), com outro estilo, mas já uma grande cantora.

People’ - Aretha Franklin

‘Lady Soft Soul’? Não, apenas a Aretha Franklin de 6 anos atrás (1964), em sua fase na Columbia norte-americana. Nessa época, a preocupação maior de seu empresário, Jo King, era mostrar que a cantora era a legítima sucessora de Dinah Washington, falecida no início de 1964. Na ocasião, a própria Aretha, vivendo à sombra do espectro de Dinah, se achava uma interprete insegura e incapaz de encarar uma platéia: ‘Naquele tempo, eu tinha tanto medo que cantava nas boates olhando para o chão’.

Neurose de principiante? Lógico que sim. Apesar de todo aparato orquestral (inclusive o emprego desnecessário de cordas), Aretha se mostra nas 12 faixas do LP, uma excelente e tarimbada cantora. Suas interpretações macias casam exemplarmente bem com ‘standards’ c como ‘People’, ‘My guy’ (onde ela faz uma imitação deliciosa de Doris Day em 1966) e ‘Try a little tenderness’.

Já em faixas como ‘Soulville’, ‘Lee Cross’, ‘God bless the child’, ‘Cry like a baby’ e ‘Evil gal blues’, o ouvinte perceberá facilmente as sementes daquilo que iria explodir mais tarde, com o advento do soul, ocasião em que ela trocou a Columbia pela Atlantic Records. E a mudança foi mesmo radical. Basta compararmos sua interpretação de ‘Today I sing the blues’ deste LP, com a gravação lançada no ano passado no álbum ‘Soul ‘69’. (CBS 37.652)

N.B.: what Ezequiel Neves didn't know in 1970 is that 'People' is an album made-up at the CBS offices in Rio de Janeiro. It is actually a little Frankenstein with tracks taken out from at least 6 albums:

from 1967's 'Take it like you give it' ('Lee Cross'); from 1966's 'Soul sister' (Cry like a baby); 1965's 'Yeah!!!' (Mondo cane's 'More'); 1964's 'Runnin' out of fools' (My guy); 1964's 'Unforgettable: a tribute to Dinah Washington' ('Evil gal blues' & 'Soulville'); 1962's 'The tender, the moving, the swinging Aretha Franklin' ('Try a little tenderness' & 'God bless the child'); 1961's 'Aretha with teh Ray Bryant Combo' ('Today I sing the blues').

The title-track 'People' was taken from 'Aretha Franklin: Soft and Beautiful' a 1969 Columbia Records 'made up' from bits & pieces left over from old Columbia recordings that would not fit into previous released albums. A chance to cash in on Miss Franklin's popularity after she moved on to Atlantic Records in 1967.   

Ezequiel Neves reviews 'This girl's in love with you' for 'Jornal da Tarde' - 30 April 1970 


Aretha Franklin em 1969 foi presa por embriaguez, suspensa por desacatar o público em uma exibição e passou 2 meses hospitalizada por esgotamento nervoso. Por isso, demorou 1 ano para gravar esse ótimo LP.

'This girl’s in love with you' – Aretha Franklin

A vida particular das mais representativas cantoras negras de blues foi sempre marcada pela fatalidade. Bessie Smith, depois de muitas lutas para ser aceita como cantora, morreu tragicamente em 1937. Billie Holiday, no fim de sua carreira, seguiu seus passos: totalmente escravizada pelos entorpecentes e vivendo mais em clínicas de desintoxicação do que em excursões artísticas, morreu em 1959. Infelizmente a mesma coisa vem acontecendo com Aretha Franklin.

Tantas foram as atribuições vividas por Aretha em 1969 que este álbum levou quase 1 ano para ser terminado. Quatro faixas (‘Dark end of the street’, ‘Eleanor Rigby’, ‘Call me’ e ‘This girl’s in love with you’) foram gravadas na Florida e as outras 6 no estudio da Atlantic, em New York.  Nesse intervalo, Aretha foi detida por guiar embriagada, teve seu contrato professional suspenso por desacatar o público em Detroit e finalmente, esteve quase 2 meses hospitalizada vitima de um esgotamento nervoso. Tudo isso motivado pelo seu divorcio de Ted White, o homem de quem ela gosta desde os 17 anos. ‘Sem Ted, ela confessa, eu não consigo viver'. Este álbum é, obviamente, dedicado a ele.

Melhor ainda que ‘Soul ‘69’, esse LP é o mais importante de sua carreira. Os números de rhythm’n’blues aqui são poucos, pois a cantora prefere caminhar em direção ao blues tradicional – uma das principais características de ‘Soul ‘69’. Contando com excelentes músicos, Aretha nos dá soberbas interpretações onde a ênfase maior está nas suas improvisações vocais. ‘This girl’s in love with you’ é espetacularmente recriada, o mesmo acontecendo com ‘Let it be’. E ninguém ficará indiferente ouvindo-a em ‘It ain’t fair’, ‘Dark end of the street’ e ‘Sit down and cry’. Mas todo LP é espetacular. (Atco ALP-605.030).



Ezequiel Neves reviews 'Aretha live at Fillmore West' for 'Jornal da Tarde' - 3 September 1971


O novo disco de Aretha: 10 faixas de explosão. O ultimo LP de Aretha Franklin, lançado no Brasil pela Phonogram, não é o melhor dos muitos que ela gravou. Mas, nele explode uma 'show woman' sensacional, apoiada pelo público vibrante do Fillmore West. Este e outros elogios - e também algumas restrições - estão na crítica de Ezequiel Neves no 'Jornal da Tarde' de 3 Setembro 1971.

Aretha live at Fillmore West - Aretha Franklin - Após 6 anos de sólida carreira, era de se esperar que Lady Soul resumisse seus sucessos mais representativos num disco gravado ao vivo. E este disco sai agora no Brasil, quando ainda lidera, há 3 meses seguidos, a lista dos mais vendidos nos EUA. 

O maior elogio que podemos fazer a 'Aretha live at the Fillmore West' é que o LP se parece muito com as atuais gravações clandestinas (discos piratas ou bootlegs) que invadem as lojas norte-americanas. Esses discos são sempre gravados em condições muito precárias, mas acabam reproduzindo com bastante fidelidade toda a atmosfera, todo calor que invade as salas-de-concertos. Muitas vezes as interpretações acabam sendo prejudicadas por uma assistência frenética e apaixonada que não se cansa de gritar e reagir da forma mais surpreendente a qualquer manifestação vocal ou instrumental do artista. Essa atmosfera contagiante está presente (sem os defeitos técnicos dos discos piratas) em todas as 10 faixas de 'Live at Fillmore West'. E quando a artista se chama Aretha Franklin, sempre se espera pelo melhor.

Confusa e barulhentamente, o melhor acontece em 'Respect', faixa de abertura, onde ela canta a representação de seu show, 'Love the one you're with', 'Don't play that song', 'Dr. Feelgood', 'Eleanor Rigby' e nas duas versões de 'Spirit in the dark', a segunda cantada e dialogada com Ray Charles. Nestas faixas Aretha explode com uma força incrível e a platéia reage da mesma forma. Exemplo igual de comunicação entre artista e platéia só pode ser encontrado nos discos de Judy Garland gravados ao vivo. 

Além da surpresa que é a presença de Ray Charles em 'Spirit in the dark', o disco ganhou uma super-produção bem digna da 'Number One Lady', Aretha. A seção rítmica (sic) ficou a cargo de Billy Preston (que sempre colabora com os ex-Beatles e os Stones) no orgão, Cornell Dupree na guitarra, Jerry Jemmott no baixo-elétrico, Bernard Purdie na bateria e Pancho Morales na percussão. A seção de metais é feita pelos 6 instrumentistas do grupo The Memphis Horns e as vocalizações de apoio pelas Sweethearts of Soul. Todos eles obedecem à regência do excelente saxofonista King Curtis em uma de suas últimas aparições - ele foi misteriosamente assassinado no dia 10 do mês passado (10 August 1971) em New York.

'Aretha live at Fillmore West' é um explosivo, ritmado e contagiante disco de soul e apesar de não ser o melhor da cantora (preferimos apontar como melhores 'Lady Soul', 'Soul '69' e 'This girl's in love with you'), é um magnífico exemplo de Aretha como 'show woman'. Esperamos apenas que, no futuro, ela evite uma tendência bastante comercial de gravar sucessos de outros cantores - o que não acontecia na melhor fase de sua carreira (67 a 69). Uma artista de sua categoria não deve se prender a vícios tão apelativos - gravando, por exemplo 'Bridge over troubled water' - mais condizente com intérpretes como Johnny Mathis. (Atco-Phonogram 240.1015 - Stereo). 

Aretha just before stepping on the stage of Newark's Symphony Hall in 1969.


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